More than 5 000 000 players! Battle among world's top army tank stars!Prepare for the exciting adventure in the world of epic multiplayer tank games! Amazing tank battle imbued with the spirit of fantastic world war is waiting for you! If you love driving with heavy vehicles and shooting, this is your free fire game!Improve your tank and drive it right into the battle to crush enemies! Choose a right weapon and win the tank battle! Stunning Graphics - Magnificent graphics, as in PC wargames: fully-featured 3d realistic models of military tank force Online PvP - Online wargame and fights against ace pilots from all around the world: US, UK, Germany, Russia, China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan and many others Upgrade your tank - Improve your tank armor, speed, damage, reload time and other features with epic upgrade system. Amazing battlefields - Stunning locations: nuclear reactor, snow test site, space port filled with battle tanks, supersonic and crossfire of bullets. Daily bonuses, achievements, non-stop play Shoot modern tanks as long as you wish, as simulator wargame have no energy! Login daily to receive epic bonuses to expand and improve your hangar of fighter. Variety of achievements with cool battle rewards Loads of deadly weapons: everything for perfect annihilation! Death Race, shooting, and zombie killing are the past, join the deadly battles on the tanks!A war thunder is roaring, spread your wings, commander! Have fun! This is what we created the game for! Facebook - CONNECTION REQUIRED.
Exciting online tank battles on vehicles of the future by the creators of Future Tanks.Unforgettable battles against real opponents on a wide range of Sci-Fi vehicles, improve your tank and be stronger than your opponents.+ Online battles in real time+ Realistic physics+ Real opponents+ Plenty of fantastic tanks+ Multitude of modules+ Multitude of camouflage patterns and drawings+ Multitude of combat arenas
Iron Tanks APK
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More than 5 000 000 players! Battle among world's top army tank stars!Prepare for the exciting adventure in the world of epic multiplayer tank games! Amazing tank battle imbued with the spirit of fantastic world war is waiting for you! If you love driving with heavy vehicles and shooting, this is your free fire game!Improve your tank and drive it right into the battle to crush enemies! Choose a right weapon and win the tank battle! Stunning Graphics - Magnificent graphics, as in PC wargames: fully-featured 3d realistic models of military tank force Online PvP - Online wargame and fights against ace pilots from all around the world: US, UK, Germany, Russia, China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan and many others Upgrade your tank - Improve your tank armor, speed, damage, reload time and other features with epic upgrade system. Amazing battlefields - Stunning locations: nuclear reactor, snow test site, space port filled with battle tanks, supersonic and crossfire of bullets. Daily bonuses, achievements, non-stop play Shoot modern tanks as long as you wish, as simulator wargame have no energy! Login daily to receive epic bonuses to expand and improve your hangar of fighter. Variety of achievements with cool battle rewards Loads of deadly weapons: everything for perfect annihilation! Death Race, shooting, and zombie killing are the past, join the deadly battles on the tanks!A war thunder is roaring, spread your wings, commander! Have fun! This is what we created the game for! Facebook - INTERNET CONNECTION REQUIRED.
An iron lung is a type of negative pressure ventilator (NPV), a mechanical respirator which encloses most of a person's body, and varies the air pressure in the enclosed space, to stimulate breathing.[1][2][3][4] It assists breathing when muscle control is lost, or the work of breathing exceeds the person's ability.[1] Need for this treatment may result from diseases including polio and botulism and certain poisons (for example, barbiturates, tubocurarine).
The use of iron lungs is largely obsolete in modern medicine, as more modern breathing therapies have been developed,[5] and due to the eradication of polio in most of the world.[6] However, in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic revived some interest in the device as a cheap, readily-producible substitute for positive-pressure ventilators, which were feared to be outnumbered by patients potentially needing temporary artificially assisted respiration.[7][8][9][10]
The iron lung is typically a large horizontal cylinder, in which a person is laid, with their head protruding from a hole in the end of the cylinder, so that their full head (down to their voice box) is outside the cylinder, exposed to ambient air, and the rest of their body sealed inside the cylinder, where air pressure is continuously cycled up and down, to stimulate breathing.[1][2][3][11][12]
Examples of the device include the Drinker respirator, the Emerson respirator, and the Both respirator. Iron lungs can be either manually or mechanically powered but normally are powered by an electric motor linked to a flexible pumping diaphragm (commonly opposite the end of the cylinder from the patient's head).[2] Larger "room-sized" iron lungs were also developed, allowing for simultaneous ventilation of several patients (each with their heads protruding from sealed openings in the outer wall), with sufficient space inside for a nurse or a respiratory therapist to be inside the sealed room, attending the patients.[2]
Smaller, single-patient versions of the iron lung include the so-called cuirass ventilator (named for the cuirass, a torso-covering body armor). The cuirass ventilator encloses only the patient's torso, or chest and abdomen, but otherwise operates essentially the same as the original, full-sized iron lung. A lightweight variation on the cuirass ventilator is the jacket ventilator or poncho or raincoat ventilator, which uses a flexible, impermeable material (such as plastic or rubber) stretched over a metal or plastic frame over the patient's torso.[1][7][13][14]
Boston manufacturer Warren E. Collins began production of the iron lung that year.[26][27] Although it was initially developed for the treatment of victims of coal gas poisoning, it was most famously used in the mid-20th century for the treatment of respiratory failure caused by poliomyelitis.[20]
The United Kingdom's first iron lung was designed in 1934 by Robert Henderson, an Aberdeen doctor. Henderson had seen a demonstration of the Drinker respirator in the early 1930s and built a device of his own upon his return to Scotland. Four weeks after its construction, the Henderson respirator was used to save the life of a 10-year-old boy from New Deer, Aberdeenshire, who had poliomyelitis. Despite this success, Henderson was reprimanded for secretly using hospital facilities to build the machine.[31][32]
The South Australia Health Department asked Adelaide brothers Edward and Don Both to create an inexpensive "iron lung".[34] Biomedical engineer Edward Both designed and developed a cabinet respirator made of plywood that worked similarly to the Drinker device, with the addition of a bi-valved design which allowed temporary access to the patient's body.[33] Far cheaper to make (only 100) than the Drinker machine, the Both Respirator also weighed less and could be constructed and transported more quickly.[33][35] Such was the demand for the machines that they were often used by patients within an hour of production.[36]
Visiting London in 1938 during another polio epidemic, Both produced additional respirators there which attracted the attention of William Morris (Lord Nuffield), a British motor manufacturer and philanthropist. Nuffield, intrigued by the design, financed the production of approximately 1700 machines at his car factory in Cowley, and donated them to hospitals throughout all parts of Britain and the British Empire.[36] Soon, the Both-Nuffield respirators were able to be produced by the thousand at about one-thirteenth the cost of the American design.[34] By the early 1950s, there were over 700 Both-Nuffield iron lungs in the United Kingdom, but only 50 Drinker devices.[37]
Rows of iron lungs filled hospital wards at the height of the polio outbreaks of the 1940s and 1950s, helping children, and some adults, with bulbar polio and bulbospinal polio. A polio patient with a paralyzed diaphragm would typically spend two weeks inside an iron lung while recovering.[38][39]
Polio vaccination programs have virtually eradicated new cases of poliomyelitis in the developed world. Because of this, and the development of modern ventilators, and widespread use of tracheal intubation and tracheotomy, the iron lung has mostly disappeared from modern medicine. In 1959, 1,200 people were using tank respirators in the United States, but by 2004 that number had decreased to just 39.[38]
Positive pressure ventilation systems are now more common than negative pressure systems. Positive pressure ventilators work by blowing air into the patient's lungs via intubation through the airway; they were used for the first time in Blegdams Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, during a polio outbreak in 1952.[1][41][42] It proved a success and soon[when?] superseded the iron lung throughout Europe.[citation needed]
The iron lung now has a marginal place in modern respiratory therapy. Most patients with paralysis of the breathing muscles use modern mechanical ventilators that push air into the airway with positive pressure. These are generally efficacious and have the advantage of not restricting patients' movements or caregivers' ability to examine the patients as significantly as an iron lung does.[citation needed]
Joan Headley of Post-Polio Health International said that as of May 28, 2008, about 30 patients in the U.S. were still using an iron lung.[45] That figure may be inaccurately low; Houston alone had 19 iron lung patients living at home in 2008.[46] 2ff7e9595c
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